Sex Work History: From Ancient Roots to Modern Rights

Sex work isn’t a new gig – it’s been around as long as people have traded services for money. From temple priestesses in ancient Mesopotamia to medieval courtesans in Europe, the trade has always adapted to the culture around it. Understanding that history helps us see why today’s debates about decriminalisation and safety matter.

Ancient and Medieval Roots

In ancient Greece, hetaerae were educated companions who attended symposia and earned respect beyond a typical prostitute. In China’s Tang dynasty, official brothels were licensed and even taxed. The point is, many societies recognized sex work as a legitimate economy, not just a sin.

When the Middle Ages rolled in, the church tried to shut it down, but the demand didn’t disappear. Courtesans in Venice and France became cultural icons, known for art, politics, and influence. They often owned property and commanded high prices – a far cry from the stigma we hear about today.

20th Century to Today

The 1900s brought mixed legal approaches. Some countries, like the Netherlands, moved toward regulation, while others, like the U.S., criminalized payment. The war on prostitution in the 1960s and 70s pushed many workers underground, increasing danger and making data hard to collect.

Fast forward to the 2000s – activists started demanding rights, not punishment. The decriminalisation model in New Zealand showed lower violence rates and better health outcomes. Meanwhile, places like Sweden adopted the “Nordic model,” penalising clients instead of workers, which sparked heated debate about effectiveness.

Today, the conversation centers on safety, health, and human rights. Many NGOs push for clear laws that protect workers, offer health services, and give access to legal recourse. Online platforms have changed the game too, letting workers screen clients, set rates, and avoid street-based risks.

If you’re curious about how the past shapes the present, look at three practical takeaways:

• Legal context matters. Where sex work is regulated, workers report fewer assaults and better income stability.
• Stigma drives danger. Societies that shame sex workers often push the trade underground, increasing health risks.
• Technology is a double‑edged sword. It offers safety tools but also raises privacy concerns.

Knowing this timeline helps you navigate current discussions with a clearer eye. Whether you’re a researcher, activist, or just curious, the history of sex work shows that it’s always been about people finding a way to earn a living, and it’s time the law reflects that reality.